[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$fRSb0u95SEaFgH2v2Fkku8AakojzWsRO4i7nl0rVF5-4":3},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},200,"操作成功",{"id":7,"title":8,"content":9,"digest":10,"source":10,"coverPath":11,"thumbsCoverPath":12,"isTop":13,"isShow":14,"baseClick":13,"clickCount":15,"createTime":16,"typeId":17,"isNewest":18,"newsInfoTypeRespVo":19,"voiceUrl":22,"voiceSize":23,"taskId":24,"releaseTime":25,"titleEn":26,"contentEn":27,"voiceUrlEn":28,"taskIdEn":29,"voiceSizeEn":30},1398,"科学家打印出由人工智能设计的病毒，它们正在成功繁殖","\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\" style=\"font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 153, 0);\">来自斯坦福大学和加州帕洛阿尔托Arc研究所的一组研究人员表示，他们已经用人工智能设计的DNA创造了病毒，可以瞄准并杀死特定的细菌。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">这些不仅仅是模拟的可能性——它们是真实的，并且已经在实验室中杀死了细菌。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg alt=\"undefined\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimage.51xinwei.com\u002F2025\u002F09\u002Fb3f84049e04e4a7fa7fe4592f89c6689\u002FAA1N6kCa.webp\" width=\"592\" height=\"undefined\" style=\"display: block; margin: auto;\">\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">这项工作发表在一项等待同行评审的新研究中，作者说，它是大型语言模型在生物工程应用中有用性的有力证明。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">“这是人工智能系统第一次能够编写连贯的基因组规模序列，”资深作者、斯坦福大学计算生物学家布莱恩·伊（Brian Hie）告诉《自然》杂志。“下一步是人工智能生成的生命。”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">然而，合著者塞缪尔·金警告说，“为了设计一个完整的活生物体，需要进行大量的实验进展。”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">病毒并不被认为是有生命的。把它们想象成讨厌的小基因组机器人，劫持了我们的生物学来复制，因为它们不能自己产生能量，也不能自己繁殖。它们不是由细胞构成的，而是由一套无情的程序指令驱动，不惜一切代价进行繁殖。由于它们的基因组非常简单，所以更容易修补，而且人类或机器也不太可能复制它们。记住：基因组是生物体中所有的DNA，而不仅仅是几条链。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">在这项研究中，研究人员使用了一种名为Evo的人工智能模型来构建病毒基因组。与通用的大型语言模型不同，Evo是专门针对数百万个噬菌体基因组进行训练的。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">噬菌体是一种感染细菌的病毒。作为起点，研究人员选择了一种名为phiX174（或ΦX174）的噬菌体，这种噬菌体感染大肠杆菌家族的菌株。据《自然》杂志报道，作为第一个被测序的基于dna的基因组，phiX174是一种被广泛研究和理解的病毒，它只有大约5400个碱基对和11个基因。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">在探索人工智能模型后，该团队提出了302种病毒设计。研究人员认为，测试它们的最佳方法是打印或化学组装它们，然后将它们释放到真正的大肠杆菌菌株上。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">事实证明，其中一些是有效的。一旦被植入可怜的等待着的细菌中，16个人工智能设计的病毒通过插入它们的DNA成功地感染了宿主，劫持了细菌，开始大量复制自己，然后冲破细胞的身体，杀死它。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">302中的16不是最高的击球率，但这仍然是一个了不起的成就。总的来说，研究人员发现，他们的机器人构想的产物可以杀死三种不同的大肠杆菌菌株，优于天然的phiX174。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">“在许多情况下，”加州理工学院和伦敦帝国理工学院的前生物工程师尼科·麦卡蒂（Niko McCarty）在为阿西莫夫出版社（Asimov Press）撰写的文章中写道，“它们比野生型phiX174更具传染性，尽管它们携带了人类不太可能理性设计的重大基因组改变。”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">尽管结果很有希望，但它们也引发了巨大的伦理问题。专家警告说，如果人工智能模型能够制造出功能正常的噬菌体，它也有可能被滥用来制造生物武器，甚至无意中制造出失控的病毒。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">克雷格·文特尔研究所（J. Craig Venter Institute）的创始人克雷格·文特尔（Craig Venter）在接受《麻省理工学院技术评论》（MIT Technology Review）采访时表示：“我强烈要求非常谨慎的一个领域是任何病毒增强研究，尤其是当它是随机的，所以你不知道你得到的是什么。”克雷格·文特尔因在合成DNA创造生物体方面的开创性工作而闻名。“如果有人对天花或炭疽病毒这样做，我会非常担心。”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">根据文特尔的说法，人工智能的使用并不是那么激进——它“只是一个更快的试错实验版本。”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">但到目前为止，人工智能模型只证明了它们可以像蛋白质一样产生一些DNA序列。麦卡蒂说，这些新的人工智能编写的基因组中，有一些“与任何已知的噬菌体基因组都截然不同，从技术上讲，它们可以被归类为自己的物种。”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">总之，这是该技术第一次生产出在现实世界中真正起作用的整个基因组。这是非常重要的，不管是好是坏。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">“这是一个非常令人惊讶的结果，对我们来说真的很令人兴奋，因为它表明这种方法可能对治疗非常有用，”金告诉《自然》杂志。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(187, 187, 187);\">【新闻来源】湖辣 \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msn.cn\u002Fzh-cn\u002Fnews\u002Fother\u002Far-AA1N6kCg?ocid=msedgdhphdr&cvid=68d33fbbf36d4fca94d94e39b336caa0&ei=65\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(187, 187, 187);\">https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msn.cn\u002Fzh-cn\u002Fnews\u002Fother\u002Far-AA1N6kCg?ocid=msedgdhphdr&cvid=68d33fbbf36d4fca94d94e39b336caa0&ei=65\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(187, 187, 187);\">（本网转发此文章，旨在为读者提供更多的信息资讯，所涉内容不构成投资、消费建议。文章事实如有疑问，请与有关方核实，文章观点非本网观点，仅供读者参考。）\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","","https:\u002F\u002Fimage.51xinwei.com\u002F2025\u002F09\u002F0b7efe3652654bdd8a542bc97b47ee43\u002FAI领域.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fimage.51xinwei.com\u002F2025\u002F09\u002Fthumbs\u002F0b7efe3652654bdd8a542bc97b47ee43\u002FAI领域.jpg",0,1,60,"2025-09-25 18:52",2,false,{"id":17,"name":20,"enName":21},"芯位视野","Xinwei Vision","https:\u002F\u002Fxinwei-dev-test.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com\u002Fintelligent\u002Faudio%3A2b392b3e-f130-4900-8255-2ef21e0fc4b5%3A0.wav?Expires=1758801358&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5tNvY2RkKjZw4LLWsrPK&Signature=1En9OXm2IiTqygMHq9kYJxRD4Rw%3D",8017678,"2b392b3e-f130-4900-8255-2ef21e0fc4b5","2025-09-25 18:47","Scientists printed viruses designed by artificial intelligence, which are successfully reproducing","\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\" style=\"font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 153, 0);\">A group of researchers from Stanford University and the Arc Institute in Palo Alto, California, said they have created viruses with DNA designed by artificial intelligence that can target and kill specific bacteria.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">These are not just possibilities of simulation - they are real and have already killed bacteria in the laboratory.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg alt=\"undefined\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimage.51xinwei.com\u002F2025\u002F09\u002Fb3f84049e04e4a7fa7fe4592f89c6689\u002FAA1N6kCa.webp\" width=\"592\" height=\"undefined\" style=\"display: block; margin: auto;\">\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">This work is published in a new study awaiting peer review, and the authors say it is a strong demonstration of the usefulness of large language models in bioengineering applications.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">\"This is the first time an artificial intelligence system has been able to write coherent genome-scale sequences,\" senior author Brian Hie, a computational biologist at Stanford University, told Nature. \"The next step is life generated by artificial intelligence.\"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">However, co-author Samuel Kim warned, \"a lot of experimental progress is needed to design a complete living organism.\"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">Viruses are not considered living. Imagine them as annoying little genome robots that hijack our biology to replicate, because they cannot produce energy themselves or reproduce on their own. They are not made up of cells but are driven by a set of ruthless program instructions, reproducing at all costs. Because their genomes are very simple, they are easier to fix, and humans or machines are unlikely to replicate them. Remember: the genome is all the DNA in an organism, not just a few strands.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">In this study, researchers used an AI model called Evo to build viral genomes. Unlike general-purpose large language models, Evo was specifically trained on millions of bacteriophage genomes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. As a starting point, the researchers selected a bacteriophage called phiX174 (or ΦX174), which infects strains of the E. coli family. According to Nature, phiX174 is a widely studied and understood virus, being the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced, with about 5400 base pairs and 11 genes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">After exploring the AI model, the team came up with 302 virus designs. Researchers believed the best way to test them was to print or chemically assemble them and then release them into actual E. coli strains.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">It turned out some were effective. Once implanted into the poor, waiting bacteria, 16 AI-designed viruses successfully infected the host by inserting their DNA, hijacked the bacteria, began replicating themselves in large numbers, and then burst through the cell's body, killing it.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">Out of 302, 16 is not the highest hit rate, but it is still an impressive achievement. Overall, researchers found that their robot-imagined products could kill three different E. coli strains, outperforming the natural phiX174.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">“In many cases,” wrote Niko McCarty, former bioengineer at Caltech and Imperial College London, in an article for Asimov Press, “they are more infectious than wild-type phiX174, despite carrying major genomic changes that humans would not likely rationally design.”\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">Although the results are promising, they also raise significant ethical issues. Experts warn that if AI models can create functional bacteriophages, they could also be misused to create biological weapons, or even unintentionally produce uncontrollable viruses.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">Craig Venter, founder of the J. Craig Venter Institute, said in an interview with MIT Technology Review: \"I strongly urge extreme caution in any virus enhancement research, especially when it is random, so you don't know what you're getting.\" Craig Venter is known for his pioneering work in synthetic DNA to create living organisms. \"If someone does this to smallpox or anthrax viruses, I would be very worried.\"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">According to Venter, the use of AI is not that radical - it's \"just a faster version of trial and error experiments.\"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">But so far, AI models have only proven they can produce some DNA sequences like proteins. McCarty said that some of these new AI-written genomes are \"completely different from any known bacteriophage genomes, technically they can be classified as their own species.\"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">In summary, this is the first time the technology has produced an entire genome that works in the real world. This is very important, whether good or bad.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 18px;\" class=\"ql-lineHeight-1-75\">\"This is a very surprising result, and it really excites us because it suggests that this approach may be very useful for treatment,\" Kim told Nature.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(187, 187, 187);\">【News Source】Hula \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msn.cn\u002Fzh-cn\u002Fnews\u002Fother\u002Far-AA1N6kCg?ocid=msedgdhphdr&cvid=68d33fbbf36d4fca94d94e39b336caa0&ei=65\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(187, 187, 187);\">https:\u002F\u002Fwww.msn.cn\u002Fzh-cn\u002Fnews\u002Fother\u002Far-AA1N6kCg?ocid=msedgdhphdr&cvid=68d33fbbf36d4fca94d94e39b336caa0&ei=65\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(187, 187, 187);\">（This article is reprinted by this website to provide readers with more information and resources. The content does not constitute investment or consumption advice. If there are any questions about the facts of the article, please verify with the relevant parties. The views expressed in the article are not the views of this website and are for reference only.）\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","https:\u002F\u002Fxinwei-dev-test.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com\u002Fintelligent\u002Faudio%3Afb2c6ede-b39d-4f62-9096-665d29e3253e%3A0.wav?Expires=1774838464&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5tNvY2RkKjZw4LLWsrPK&Signature=89B7RR5BYgChYrQsPsJ%2BF0CtNv4%3D","fb2c6ede-b39d-4f62-9096-665d29e3253e",8939522]